Duplex 2205 Plate
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Duplex 2205 plate is a type of stainless steel plate that has become increasingly popular in recent years. It is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and low maintenance requirements.
One of the main advantages of duplex 2205 plate is its ability to withstand harsh environments such as those found in the oil and gas industry, chemical processing facilities, and marine applications. This durability is due to the unique composition of duplex stainless steel, which combines the characteristics of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels.
Another key benefit of using duplex 2205 plate is its cost-effectiveness. While it may cost more than some other types of stainless steel initially, its longer lifespan and reduced need for maintenance can result in significant cost savings over time. Additionally, its ability to handle higher temperatures and corrosion resistance mean less replacement and repair costs compared to other materials.
General Properties
One of the most notable properties of duplex 2205 plate is its ability to withstand extreme environments and harsh conditions. This makes it an excellent choice for use in offshore drilling rigs, pipelines, and other applications where corrosion resistance and durability are critical factors. Additionally, this material is highly resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion, making it an ideal choice for use in chloride-containing environments.
Another significant advantage of duplex 2205 plate is its high strength, which allows it to withstand heavy loads and stresses without degrading or failing. This strength makes it an ideal choice for structural applications such as bridges and buildings, as well as for use in components like gears and shafts.
Finally, duplex 2205 plate is also highly heat-resistant, allowing it to maintain its properties and performance even under extreme temperatures. This makes it an excellent choice for use in high-temperature applications, such as heat exchangers and process equipment.
Applications
Pressure vessels, tanks, piping, and heat exchangers in the chemical processing industry
Piping, tubing, and heat exchangers for the handling of gas and oil
Effluent scrubbing systems
Pulp and paper industry digesters, bleaching equipment, and stock-handling systems
Rotors, fans, shafts, and press rolls requiring combined strength and corrosion resistance
Cargo tanks for ships and trucks
Food processing equipment
Biofuels plants
Standards
ASTM/ASME...........A240 UNS S32205/S31803
EURONORM...........1.4462 X2CrNiMoN 22.5.3
AFNOR...................Z3 CrNi 22.05 AZ
DIN.........................W. Nr 1.446
Available thicknesses for Alloy 2205:
| 3/16" | 1/4" | 5/16" | 3/8" | 1/2" | 5/8" | 3/4" | 7/8" | 1" | 1 1/8" | 1 1/4" | 1 3/8" | 1 1/2" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.8mm | 6.3mm | 7.9mm | 9.5mm | 12.7mm | 15.9mm | 19mm | 22.2mm | 25.4mm | 28.6mm | 31.8mm | 34.9mm | 38.1mm |
| 1 5/8" | 1 3/4" | 2" | 2 1/4" | 2 1/2" | 2 3/4" | 3" | 3 1/4" | 3 1/2" | 4" | 5" | 6" | |
| 41.3mm | 44.5mm | 50.8mm | 57.2mm | 63.5mm | 69.9mm | 76.2mm | 82.6mm | 88.9mm | 101.6mm | 127mm | 152.4mm | |
Corrosion Resistance
Duplex 2205 plate has good resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion. It is highly resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion, which are common forms of corrosion in chloride-rich environments. This makes it ideal for use in marine and coastal applications where exposure to saltwater is a concern.
Additionally, duplex 2205 plate has good resistance to stress corrosion cracking, which is a type of corrosion that occurs under tensile stress in the presence of certain corrosive environments. This makes it suitable for use in applications where high mechanical strength is required, such as in the oil and gas industry.
The corrosion resistance of duplex 2205 plate is further enhanced by its dual-phase microstructure, which consists of equal proportions of ferrite and austenite. This unique microstructure provides a combination of high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.
General Corrosion in Wet Process Phosphoric Acids
| Corrosion Rate, ipy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | Solution A, 1401/4F | Solution B, 1201/4F | ||||||
| 2205 | 3.1 | 3.9 | ||||||
| 316L | >200 | >200 | ||||||
| 904L | 47 | 6.3 | ||||||
| Composition, wt% | ||||||||
| P2O5 | HCl | HF | H2SO4 | Fe2O3 | Al203 | SiO2 | CaO | MgO |
| Sol A 54.0 | 0.06 | 1.1 | 4.1 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.70 |
| Sol B 27.5 | 0.34 | 1.3 | 1.72 | 0.4 | 0.001 | 0.3 | 0.02 | — |
Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
| Boiling | Wick | Boiling | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | 42% MgCl2 | Test | 25% NaCl |
| 2205 | F | P | P |
| 254 SMO® | F | P | P |
| Type 316L | F | F | F |
| Type 317L | F | F | F |
| Alloy 904L | F | P or F | P or F |
| Alloy 20 | F | P | P |
(P = Pass, F = Fail)
Chemical Analysis
Typical Values (Weight %)
| Carbon | Chromium | Nickel | Molybdenum | Nitrogen | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.020 | 22.1 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 0.18 | S=0.001 |
| PREN = [Cr%] = 3.3 [Mo%] = 16 [N%] ≥ 34 | |||||
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
| ASTM A 240 | Typical | |
|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength 0.2%, ksi | 65 min. | 74 |
| Tensile Strength, ksi | 90 min. | 105 |
| Elongation, % | 25 min. | 30 |
| Hardness RC | 32 max. | 19 |
Tensile Properties at Elevated Temperatures
| Temperature °F | 122 | 212 | 392 | 572 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength 0.2%, ksi | 60 | 52 | 45 | 41 |
| Tensile Strength, ksi | 96 | 90 | 83 | 81 |
Physical Properties
| Temperature °F | 68 | 212 | 392 | 572 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | lb/in3 | 0.278 | — | — | — |
| Modulus of Elasticity | psi x 106 | 27.6 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 24.9 |
| Linear Expansion (68°F-T) | 10-6/°F | — | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | Btu/h ft°F | 8.7 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 |
| Heat Capacity | Btu/lb ft°F | 0.112 | 0.119 | 0.127 | 0.134 |
| Electrical Resistivity | Ωin x 10-6 | 33.5 | 35.4 | 37.4 | 39.4 |
Structure
The structure of duplex 2205 plate is characterized by its dual-phase microstructure, with approximately equal amounts of austenite and ferrite phases. This unique structure gives the material its name, as it exhibits the properties of both ferritic and austenitic stainless steels.
The austenite phase provides high strength and toughness, while the ferrite phase provides good resistance to stress corrosion cracking, pitting, and crevice corrosion. The combination of these two phases results in a material that has excellent mechanical properties, high resistance to corrosion, and good weldability.
The microstructure of duplex 2205 plate can be further refined through heat treatment processes such as annealing or solution treatment, which can help to improve its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Chloride Pitting Resistance
A duplex 2205 plate has an excellent resistance to chloride pitting due to the mix of ferritic and austenitic phases in the microstructure. The high chromium content (22%) in duplex 2205 provides a passive film that protects the steel from pitting. This resistance is further enhanced by the presence of molybdenum (3%), which makes the steel more resistant to localized corrosion.
Because of its superior chloride pitting resistance, duplex 2205 plates are commonly used in various applications that are exposed to aggressive chloride environments. These applications include offshore oil and gas equipment, chemical processing facilities, desalination plants, and marine applications.
Processing
Hot Forming
Forming below 600°F is recommended whenever possible. When hot forming is required, the workpiece should be heated uniformly and worked in the range of 1750 to 2250°F. Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate is quite soft at these temperatures and is readily formed. Above this range, 2205 is subject to hot tearing. Immediately below this range, the austenite becomes substantially stronger than the ferrite and may cause cracking, a particular danger to “cold” edges. Below 1700°F there can be rapid formation of intermetallic phases because of the combination of temperature and deformation. Whenever hot forming is done, it should be followed by a full solution anneal at 1900°F minimum and rapid quench to restore phase balance, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Stress relieving is not required or recommended; however, if it must be performed, the material should receive a full solution anneal at 1900°F minimum, followed by rapid cooling or water quenching.
Cold Forming
Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate is readily sheared and cold formed on equipment suited to working stainless steels. However, because of the high strength and rapid work hardening of 2205 duplex stainless steel plate, forces substantially higher than those for austenitic steels are required to cold form it. Also because of the high strength, a somewhat larger allowance must be made for springback.
Heat Treatment
Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate should be annealed at 1900°F minimum, followed by rapid cooling, ideally by water quenching. This treatment applies to both solution annealing and stress relieving. Stress relief treatments at any lower temperature carry the risk of precipitation of detrimental intermetallic or nonmetallic phases.
Machinability
With high-speed steel tooling, 2205 duplex stainless steel plate may be machined at the same feeds and speeds as Alloy 316L. When carbide tooling is used, cutting speeds should be reduced by about 20% relative to the speeds for Alloy 316L. Powerful machines and rigid mounting of tools and parts are essential.
Welding
Alloy 2205 duplex stainless steel plate possesses good weldability. The goal of welding 2205 is that the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) retain the corrosion resistance, strength, and toughness of the base metal. The welding of 2205 is not difficult, but it is necessary to design welding procedures that lead to a favorable phase balance after welding and will avoid precipitation of detrimental intermetallic or nonmetallic phases.
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