Tool Steel

200 °C

400°C

600°C

Modulus of elasticity
[MPa]

210

180

145

Coefficient of thermal expansion
[10-6/K]

-

12.8

13.4

Thermal conductivity
[W/m K]

-

31.0

33.0

400°C

500°C

600°C

Ultimate Tensile Strength
(UTS) [MPa]

1200

1100

850

Yield stress (YS) [MPa]

1000

910

610

Soft annealing

Suggested temperature

850°C

Heating

Max 50°C/h

Soaking time

Minimum 120 min from the temperature settlement

Cooling

Slow in the furnace at max 25°C/h to 600°C afterward at room temperature

Stress Relieving

Suggested temperature

For material in annealed condition: 650 °C. For material in QT condition or after machining: 50°C less than the last tempering

Heating

Max 100 °C/h

Soaking time

Minimum 120 min from the temperature's settlement

Cooling

Slow in the furnace at max 25 °C/h to 200°C, afterward at room temperature

Hardening

First pre-heating temperature

400 °C

Heating

Max 150 °C/h

Soaking time

25 min every 25 mm thickness

Second pre-heating temperature

600 °C

Heating

Max 150 °C/h

Soaking time

20 min every 25 mm thickness or when (Ts-Tc) < 90 °C

Third pre-heating temperature

800 °C

Heating

Max 150 °C/h

Soaking time

20 min every 25 mm thickness or when (Ts-Tc) < 90 °C

Austenitizing temperature

980°C

Heating

> 150°C/h

Soaking time

t = ( x + 39 ) / 2 or 30 min
from (Ts-Tc) < 15 °C

Cooling

Air, vacuum cooling, salt
bath, polymer in water

First tempering temperature

550 °C

Soaking time

t' = 0,8 x + 120

Cooling

Room temperature

Second tempering temperature

Based on mechanical properties required

Soaking time

t" = 0,8 x + 120

Cooling

Room temperature

Third tempering temperature

30-50 °C lower than the max temperature previously used

Soaking time

t'" = 0,8 x + 180

Cooling

Slow cooling in the furnace up to 250 °C, afterward at room temperature

Dimension and shape tolerance

Thickness

Width

Thickness Tolerance

Width Tolerance

8-90

30-610

+1.0/-0.0

+5.0/-0.0

Specimens after quenching and tempering hardness should meet the following requirements

Type

Hardness HRC(Min)

Temperature(ºC)

Hardening agent

Quenching

Tempering

H13

59

950

850

Oil

According to ASTM E112, austenite grain size not less than 5, after heat treatment target number is expected to more than eight.

Non-metallic inclusion

According to ASTM E45,Method 1

Inclusion series

Inclusion series

A

B

C

D

Th

2

2

2

2

Weight

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5